Learn
Sources
Facts on this site were checked against these references (last reviewed September 2026).
Botany and range
- NC State Extension, Plant Toolbox: Paulownia fortunei. https://plants.ces.ncsu.edu/plants/paulownia-fortunei/
- Flora of China: Paulownia (genus). http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=124177
- Flora of China: Paulownia fortunei. http://www.efloras.org/florataxon.aspx?flora_id=2&taxon_id=200020797
- Trees and Shrubs Online: Paulownia fortunei. https://www.treesandshrubsonline.org/articles/paulownia/paulownia-fortunei/
- USDA ARS GRIN Taxonomy: Paulownia fortunei. https://npgsweb.ars-grin.gov/gringlobal/taxon/taxonomydetail?id=27042
Wood properties
- The Wood Database: Paulownia (P. tomentosa). https://www.wood-database.com/paulownia/
- The Wood Database: Red Oak. https://www.wood-database.com/red-oak/
- The Wood Database: Balsa. https://www.wood-database.com/balsa/
- Jakubowski, M. (2022). Cultivation Potential and Uses of Paulownia Wood: A Review. Forests 13(5):668. https://doi.org/10.3390/f13050668
- Li, P. & Oda, J. (2007). Flame retardancy of paulownia wood and its mechanism. Journal of Materials Science. https://doi.org/10.1007/s10853-007-1781-9
Growing and propagation
- Graves, D.H. & Stringer, J.W. (1989). Paulownia: A Guide to Establishment and Cultivation (FOR-39). University of Kentucky. https://forestry.mgcafe.uky.edu/sites/forestry.ca.uky.edu/files/for39.pdf
- Shtereva, L. et al. (2014). Micropropagation of six Paulownia genotypes through tissue culture. Journal of Central European Agriculture 15(4). https://doi.org/10.5513/jcea01/15.4.1523
Uses
- Al-Sagheer, A.A. et al. (2019). Paulownia leaves as a new feed resource. Animals 9(3):95. https://www.mdpi.com/2076-2615/9/3/95
Invasive risk and regulations
- USDA Forest Service FEIS: Paulownia tomentosa. https://www.fs.usda.gov/database/feis/plants/tree/pautom/all.html
- UF/IFAS Assessment: Paulownia fortunei (High Invasion Risk). https://assessment.ifas.ufl.edu/assessments/paulownia-fortunei/
- Connecticut Invasive Plants Council: Invasive Plant List. https://cipwg.uconn.edu/invasive_plant_list/
- Wisconsin DNR: Princess tree (NR 40 Prohibited). https://dnr.wisconsin.gov/topic/Invasives/fact/PrincessTree
- Washington State Noxious Weed Control Board: Empress tree (monitor list). https://www.nwcb.wa.gov/weeds/empress-tree
- EDDMapS: invasive species distribution. https://www.eddmaps.org/